Command and control techniques are logarithmic.

Emergent techniques are exponential.

Command and control: effective at achieving the ends, quickly.

Cuts through coordination costs: "simply do the thing the boss says".

But can never rise higher than what the boss planned.

If the boss is wrong, or didn't communicate properly, then the ceiling of what is achieved is very low.

This approach is powerful but brittle.

It gets weaker as it is bombarded with disconfirming evidence.

Emergent techniques: create the conditions where good outcomes emerge.

Will take some time to get going.

If you have to converge on one coherent outcome, this technique won't work; discovering a schelling point via bottom-up processes has exponential costs.

But if the swarm doesn't need to converge on one approach, the emergent approach can steadily accumulate more good ideas at a compounding rate.

This approach is diffuse but antifragile.

It gets stronger as it is bombarded with disconfirming evidence.